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Send a message to Microsoft Teams via Bot Framework

Send a message (plain text or Adaptive Card) to a Microsoft Teams conversation using the Bot Framework REST API. Use this for proactive sends (alerts, replies, threaded notifications) or as the outbound leg of a custom Teams bot. Unlike incoming-webhook MessageCards, the Bot Framework path supports threaded replies, Adaptive Cards 1.4+, and any conversation the bot has been added to (channels, group chats, 1:1). Requirements: - An Azure Bot resource (https://portal.azure.com) with its messaging endpoint pointing at a Windmill HTTP trigger (or wherever your bot logic lives). - A stored ConversationReference object - captured by your bot's installationUpdate / message handler when the bot was first added to the conversation. Stash it in a database, DataTable, or wmill.setState keyed by the conversation you want to reach. - The Azure Bot resource credentials (app_id, app_password) saved as an azure_bot Windmill resource. For a complete Teams to Discord bridge using this script, see the Windmill blog post: https://www.windmill.dev/blog/teams-discord-bridge

Script msteams Verified

by hugo989 ยท 5/21/2026

Use in Windmill

The script

Submitted by hugo989 Bun
Verified 7 days ago
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// Send a message (plain text or Adaptive Card) to a Microsoft Teams conversation
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// using the Bot Framework REST API. Use this for proactive sends or as the
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// outbound leg of a custom Teams bot.
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type AzureBot = {
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  app_id: string;
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  app_password: string;
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  // Set only when the Azure Bot is configured as Single Tenant. Leave empty
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  // for Multi Tenant bots so the multi-tenant Bot Framework token endpoint is
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  // used.
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  tenant_id?: string;
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};
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type ConversationReference = {
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  bot: { id: string; name?: string };
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  channelId: string;
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  conversation: {
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    id: string;
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    tenantId?: string;
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    isGroup?: boolean;
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    conversationType?: string;
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  };
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  serviceUrl: string;
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  user?: { id: string; name?: string };
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};
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const BF_RESOURCE = "https://api.botframework.com";
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const BF_TOKEN_ENDPOINT_MULTITENANT =
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  "https://login.microsoftonline.com/botframework.com/oauth2/v2.0/token";
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export async function main(
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  azure_bot: AzureBot,
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  conversation_reference: ConversationReference,
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  text: string,
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  card?: object,
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): Promise<{ ok: true; activity_id?: string }> {
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  const token = await getBotAccessToken(azure_bot);
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  const activity: Record<string, unknown> = {
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    type: "message",
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    from: conversation_reference.bot,
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    recipient: conversation_reference.user ?? { id: "" },
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    conversation: conversation_reference.conversation,
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  };
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  if (card) {
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    activity.attachments = [
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      { contentType: "application/vnd.microsoft.card.adaptive", content: card },
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    ];
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  } else {
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    activity.text = text;
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  }
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  const url = `${conversation_reference.serviceUrl.replace(/\/$/, "")}/v3/conversations/${encodeURIComponent(conversation_reference.conversation.id)}/activities`;
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  const res = await fetch(url, {
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    method: "POST",
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    headers: {
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      authorization: `Bearer ${token}`,
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      "content-type": "application/json",
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    },
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    body: JSON.stringify(activity),
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  });
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  if (!res.ok) {
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    throw new Error(
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      `Bot Framework send failed: ${res.status} ${await res.text().catch(() => "")}`,
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    );
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  }
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  const body = (await res.json().catch(() => ({}))) as { id?: string };
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  return { ok: true, activity_id: body.id };
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}
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async function getBotAccessToken(azure: AzureBot): Promise<string> {
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  const isSingleTenant = !!azure.tenant_id;
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  const tokenEndpoint = isSingleTenant
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    ? `https://login.microsoftonline.com/${azure.tenant_id}/oauth2/token`
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    : BF_TOKEN_ENDPOINT_MULTITENANT;
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  // Single-tenant bots use the v1 endpoint with `resource`; multi-tenant bots
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  // use the v2 botframework.com virtual directory with `scope=.../.default`.
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  const params = isSingleTenant
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    ? new URLSearchParams({
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        grant_type: "client_credentials",
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        client_id: azure.app_id,
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        client_secret: azure.app_password,
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        resource: BF_RESOURCE,
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      })
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    : new URLSearchParams({
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        grant_type: "client_credentials",
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        client_id: azure.app_id,
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        client_secret: azure.app_password,
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        scope: `${BF_RESOURCE}/.default`,
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      });
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  const res = await fetch(tokenEndpoint, {
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    method: "POST",
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    headers: { "content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" },
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    body: params,
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  });
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  if (!res.ok) {
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    throw new Error(
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      `AAD token fetch failed: ${res.status} ${await res.text().catch(() => "")}`,
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    );
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  }
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  const json = (await res.json()) as { access_token: string };
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  return json.access_token;
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}
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